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Cordillera: Uncolonized during Spanish Era

Writer's picture: Menchie KinaoMenchie Kinao

Tabuk City, Kalinga – The country marked on Monday, June 12, its 125th year of Independence from the Spanish era, and alongside the celebration, Cordillerans recounted how the region repulsed several attempted expeditions of colonizers.


For over three centuries of oppressive colonial rule, Cordillera remained unconquered. Communities continued to practice their own ways of life.


The different tribes across the mountain ranges of Cordillera made wise use of the rugged terrain as a defense against the persistent forces and threats of Spaniards. Igorots were fierce to stand their ground and protect their ancestral land.

With their loyalty to their heritage, social order and traditions, the strong refusal and resistance of the “highlanders” made them “relatively untouched.”


“Yung efforts nila in colonizations were limited and met with significant force of resistances from the tribal groups in the Cordillera,” said historian Joao Reginaldo who is also an Instructor at UP Baguio in his interview with PTV Cordillera.


Like the Igorots, the Aetas of Central Luzon and the Moros of Mindanao also remained largely free from Spaniards. However, when Americans took over Spanish rule, they were able to effectively colonize Cordillera from 1899 to 1945, opening mining activities and establishing churches and schools in various areas of the region.


As the Cordilleran communities continue to gain strength in the current times, they push for the realization of their aspirations such as genuine regional autonomy to further secure their identity and cultural heritage, among other improvements.

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